![]() Supplementary revelation of John's preparation for recording the remaining judgments in the Great Tribulation ch. The fifth and sixth trumpet judgments ch. The salvation of the great multitude 7:9-17 Supplementary revelation of salvation in the Great Tribulation ch. Introduction to the judgments of the Tribulation chs. Destination and description of Christ 3:14 The letter to the church in Laodicea 3:14-22 Destination and description of Christ 3:7 The letter to the church in Philadelphia 3:7-13 Destination and description of Christ 3:1a-b Destination and description of Christ 2:18 The letter to the church in Thyatira 2:18-29 Destination and description of Christ 2:12 The letter to the church in Pergamum 2:12-17 Destination and description of Christ 2:8 The letter to the church in Smyrna 2:8-11 Destination and description of Christ 2:1 The letter to the church in Ephesus 2:1-7 ![]() The amplification of the commission 1:17-20 Below, I’ve presented what I think is the best available list. You'll find the foundation stones identified and listed differently in various translations of Revelation. The Foundation Stones Compared to Traditional and Modern Birthstones This page from A Christmas Ring, an American book on birthstones from 1879, extols the peaceful virtues of February’s “tutelary gem,” amethyst. Nowadays, jewelry enthusiasts choose freely between the traditional and modern lists. For example, tanzanite as a December birthstone is a recent addition. Jewelers also continue to add options to the modern list. All the opaque traditional gems - bloodstone, pearl, sardonyx, opal, turquoise, and lapis lazuli - have been replaced. The fundamental difference between the traditional and modern list is that the modern list contains only transparent gemstones. The modern list was developed in the United States in 1912 by the National Association of Jewelers. The so-called traditional birthstone list developed during this time and spread to other countries. However, it wasn’t until the 16th century in Poland that the idea of wearing a single stone that corresponded to your birth month emerged. The belief emerged that wearing stones associated with these astrological signs would confer some benefit, and this association between gemstones and astrological signs carried over to the twelve calendar months. Kunz notes that the foundation stones displaced the stones of the breastplate, in terms of popular association with astrological signs. As studies of Revelation increased over the centuries, the mineralogist and folklorist George F. In the 1st century CE, the historian Josephus linked the twelve stones of the breastplate of Aaron with astrological signs. Complicating matters, ancient names for gemstones don't necessarily correlate exactly with modern identifications. Scholars and gem enthusiasts have debated the actual identity of these twelve gemstones. In Exodus 28:15-21, the instructions God delivered to Moses included creating a breastplate of judgment, set with four rows of three stones. This connection between gemstones and months in Western cultures probably originated with speculation about the stones of the breastplate of Aaron. Today, the most common association between gems and mystical powers is the idea of birthstones. Many people have even assigned supernatural properties to these stones. From Beautiful Gems to Foundation Stonesįor millennia, people have marveled at the optical and physical properties of beautiful gems. Although lists and translations vary, you'll find considerable overlap between the foundation stones and birthstones. Over the centuries, like the stones of the breastplate of Aaron, these Biblical gems became associated with astrological signs and the months of the calendar. ![]() Used with permission.Īnswer: In the Bible, Revelation 21:19-20 lists twelve gemstones as the foundation stones of the Heavenly City. Question: What were the foundation stones of the New Testament and how do they relate to birthstones? Amethyst jewelry, featuring a 49.25-ct stone.
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